Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage

Most of the fastening devices used in clothing today, like the shoelace, the button, and the safely pin,  have existed in some form in various cultures for thousands of years. But the zipper was the brainchild of  one American inventor, namely Whitcomb Judson of Chicago. At the end of the 19th century, Judson was  already a successful inventor, with a dozen patents to his credit for mechanical items such as improvements  to motors and railroad braking systems. 

He then turned his mind to creation a replacement for the lengthy shoelaces which were then used in  both men’s and women’s boots. On August 29th 1893, he won another patent, for what he called the “clasp locker”. Though the prototype was somewhat clumsy, and frequently jammed, it did work: in fact, Judson  and his business associate Lewis Walker had sewn the device into their own boots. Although Judson  displayed his clasp-locker at the World’s Fair held in Chicago in 1893, the public largely ignored it. The  company founded by Judson and Walker, Universal Fastener, despite further refinements, never really  succeeded in marketing the device. 

The earliest zip fasteners were being used in the apparel industry by 1905, but it was only in 1913, after a  Swedish-American engineer, Gideon Sundbach, had remodeled Judson’s fastener into a more streamlined  and reliable form, that the zipper was a success. The US Army applied zippers to the clothing and gear of the  troops of World War ‡T. By the late 1920s, zippersre could be found in all kinds of clothing, footwear, and  carrying cases; by the mid-1930s, zippers had even been embraced by the fashion industry. 

The term “zipper” was coined as onomatopoeia ( resembling the sound it makes ) by B. F. Goodrich,  whose company started marketing galoshes featuring the fastener in 1923. Regrettably, Whitcomb Judson  died in 1909, and never heard the term, or saw the success by which his invention would become ubiquitous.