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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
One of the greatest advances in modern technology has been the invention of computers. They are widelyused in industries and in universities. Now there is hardly any sphere of human life where computers have notbeen pressed into service of man. We are heading fast towards the day when a computer will be as much part of man’s daily life as a telephone or a calculator.
Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated facts in order. These machines can be put to varied uses. For instance, they can provide information on the best way to prevent traffic jams. This whole process by which machines can be used to work for us has been called ‘automation’. In the future automation may enable human beings to enjoy more leisure than they do today. The coming of automation is bound to have important social consequences.
Some years ago, an expert on automation, Sir Leon Bagri, pointed out that it was a mistake to believe that these machines could ‘think’. There is no possibility that human beings will be `controlled by machines. ’Though computers are capable of learning from their mistakes and improving their performance, they need detailed instructions from human beings to operate. They can never, as it were, lead independent lives or ‘rule the world’ by making decisions of their own.
Sir Leon said that in the future, computers would be developed which would be small enough to carry in the pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information. Computers could be plugged into a national network and be used like radios. For instance, people going on holiday could be informed about weather conditions. Car drivers can be given alternative routes when there are traffic jams. It will also be possible to make tiny translating machines. This will enable people who do not share a common language to talk to each other without any difficulty or to read foreign publications. -
Question 2 of 10
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Question 3 of 10
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
A recent survey has shown that the number of people in the United Kingdom who do not intend to get internet access has risen. These people, who are know as ‘net refuseniks’, make up 44% of UK households, or 11.2 million people in total.
The research also showed that more than 70 percent of these people said that they were not interested in getting connected to the internet. This number has risen from just over 50% in 2005, with most giving lack of computer skills as a reason for not getting internet access, though some also said it was because of the cost.
More and more people are getting broadband and high-speed net is available almost everywhere in the UK, but there are still a significant number of people who refuse to take the first step.
The cost of getting online is going down and internet speeds are increasing, so many see the main challenge to be explaining the relevance of the internet to this group. This would encourage them to get connected before they are left too far behind. The gap between those who have access to and use the internet is the digital divide, and if the gap continues to widen, those without access will get left behind and miss out on many opportunities, especially in their careers. -
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Question 10 of 10
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